Story at a Glance
- An estimated 70 million American adults have a sleep disorder, the most common of which is insomnia—the inability to fall asleep, or waking up one or more times during the night.
- Even if you’re doing everything else right, if you’re not sleeping enough or not sleeping well, many of the benefits of your healthy lifestyle will be lost.
- Middle-aged men who sleep five hours or less per night have twice the risk of having a major cardiovascular event compared to men who sleep at least seven to eight hours per night.
- A sleep-induction method developed by the U.S. military claims to have a 96 percent success rate after six weeks of consistent implementation. The method centers around preparing your mind and body for sleep by deeply relaxing for about two minutes.
- There’s evidence showing electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure reduces melatonin production just like blue light from cellphones, tablets, and computers does, making it particularly important to eliminate EMFs in your bedroom.
Most sleep problems are tied to lifestyle choices such as spending too much time indoors during daylight hours, and/or excessive use of technology and chronic exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs), which will require you to make (perhaps significant) changes to your lifestyle. However, a number of tips and tricks can be useful in the short term.
Military Method Preps Your Body for Sleep
The method centers around preparing your mind and body for sleep by deeply relaxing for about two minutes. The following summary of the process was published in the Evening Standard:2- Relax your whole face, including your tongue, jaw, and the muscles around your eyes.
- Drop your shoulders and relax your arms.
- Relax your chest as you breathe out.
- Relax your legs, from your thighs to your feet.
- Relax and clear your mind, then picture yourself in one of the following scenarios: a) You’re lying in a canoe on a calm lake with nothing but blue sky above you; b) You’re snuggled in a black velvet hammock in a pitch-black room; c) Simply repeat “Don’t think, don’t think, don’t think” for 10 seconds.
21 Additional Strategies to Help You Fall Asleep Faster
I’ve written numerous articles over the years, detailing all sorts of tips and tricks to help you fall asleep faster and improve the quality of your sleep. For an extensive listing of suggestions, see “Top 33 Tips to Optimize Your Sleep Routine.”- Create a consistent sleeping pattern by going to bed and getting up at the same time throughout the week, including on weekends.
- Make sure your bedroom is as dark as possible. If you don’t have blackout shades, use an eye mask.
- Avoid taking naps during the day or too close to bedtime.
- Exercise regularly.
- Minimize cellphone use and use of other blue light-emitting devices.
- Read a book to relax before bed.
- Avoid caffeine and other stimulants at least four hours before bed.
- Meditate or practice mindfulness on a daily basis.
- “Count sheep” by slowly counting downward from 100 to zero.
- Avoid eating at least three hours before bedtime.
- Lower the temperature in your bedroom; an ideal temperature for sleeping is around 65 F.
- Use aromatherapy; lavender is relaxing and may help induce sleep.
- Find your most comfortable sleeping position. While the article suggests side sleeping, I would suggest you try sleeping in a neutral position—on your back with a pillow supporting your neck, not your head.
- Listen to relaxing music before bed.
- Don’t wait to use the bathroom; while it may seem distracting to get out of bed to pee, trying to hold it will simply disrupt your sleep later.
- Take a hot shower or bath before bed.
- Avoid e-books, as the blue light from the screen will impede melatonin release.
- Try a melatonin supplement. Another, perhaps even more effective, alternative is 5-HTP, a precursor to both serotonin and melatonin. I believe this is a superior approach to using melatonin. In one study, an amino acid preparation containing both GABA (a calming neurotransmitter) and 5-HTP reduced the time to fall asleep, increased the duration of sleep, and improved sleep quality.4
- Invest in a comfortable mattress. To this, I would add the suggestion of looking for a chemical-free mattress to avoid exposure to flame-retardant chemicals.
- Minimize noise; use earplugs if environmental noise is unavoidable.
- Avoid alcohol.
Avoid Nighttime EMF to Improve Sleep Quality
While avoiding cellphones and other devices with electronic screens (including e-readers) is important to protect your melatonin production, another factor that can have a significant impact on your sleep quality is EMFs emitted from your home wiring.One of the easiest ways to avoid or radically limit your nighttime electric field exposure from the wiring in your room is to pull the circuit breaker to your bedroom before going to bed. Alternatively, have an electrician install a remote breaker for convenience, which is what I’ve done.
Lack of Sleep Raises Your Risk for Heart Disease and More
A review of hundreds of sleep studies concluded that, as a general rule, most adults need somewhere between seven and nine hours—or right around eight hours—of sleep per night to maintain good health.“Middle-aged men who sleep five hours or less per night have twice the risk of developing a major cardiovascular event during the following two decades than men who sleep seven to eight hours …
“Study author Ms. Moa Bengtsson, of the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, said: ‘For people with busy lives, sleeping may feel like a waste of time but our study suggests that short sleep could be linked with future cardiovascular disease.
“'In our study, the magnitude of increased cardiovascular risk associated with insufficient sleep is similar to that of smoking or having diabetes at age 50.’”Men who got only five hours or less per night were also more likely to smoke, be inactive and overweight, and have high blood pressure and diabetes. Other studies have shown insufficient sleep and/or poor quality sleep can increase your risk for:
- Accidents at work and on the road: Getting less than six hours of sleep leaves you cognitively impaired. In 2013, drowsy drivers caused 72,000 car accidents in which 800 Americans were killed and 44,000 were injured.10 Even a single night of sleeping only four to six hours can impact your ability to think clearly the next day.
- Diabetes: One 2015 study11 linked “excessive daytime sleepiness” with a 56 percent increased risk for Type 2 diabetes.
- Depression: More than half of people diagnosed with depression also struggle with insomnia. While it was long thought that insomnia was a symptom of depression, it now seems that insomnia may precede depression in some cases.12 Your amygdala, one of your brain’s centerpiece regions for generating strong emotional reactions, including negative ones, becomes about 60 percent more reactive than usual when you’ve slept poorly or insufficiently, resulting in increased emotional intensity and volatility.
- Impaired memory formation and increased risk of memory loss:13 Sleep is essential not just for cementing events into long-term memory but also for making sense of your life. During sleep, your brain pulls together and extracts meaning while discarding unimportant details. In fact, sleep increases your ability to gain insights that would otherwise remain elusive by about 250 percent. So during sleep, part of your brain is busy stabilizing, enhancing, and integrating new memories. It’s also extracting rules and the “gist” of what’s happening in your life. Reduced productivity at work and poor grades in school are other associated side effects of insufficient sleep. Creativity is also diminished.
- Impaired sexual function: In one study,14 women with insomnia who were getting less than the recommended eight hours were found to be less sexually active after menopause. They also reported less sexual satisfaction overall.
- Increased risk of pain and pain-related conditions such as fibromyalgia: In one study, poor or insufficient sleep was the strongest predictor for pain in adults over 50.15
- Increased risk of dying from any cause: Compared to people without insomnia, the adjusted hazard ratio for all-cause mortality among those with chronic insomnia is 300 percent higher.19
- Chronic diseases: Sleep deprivation decreases your immune function,16 which can have a snowball effect, raising your risk for cardiovascular disease,17 Alzheimer’s,18 and cancer, just to name a few.
Sleep and Athletic Performance
“Without proper sleep, whether it’s a short-term or long-term deficit, there are substantial effects on mood, mental and cognitive skills, and motor abilities. When it comes to recovery from hard physical efforts, there’s simply no better treatment than sleep, and a lot of it.”The largest performance drop-offs can be seen among endurance athletes and sports requiring quick reaction times and reflexes. To determine whether an athlete might gain a competitive edge simply by sleeping more, Stanford researcher Cheri D. Mah reached out to the Stanford Cardinal men’s basketball team.
For two weeks, the players’ athletic performance was assessed after they got their normal amount of sleep. They were fitted with motion-sensing wristbands to determine the actual length of their sleep, which averaged in at a mere 6.5 hours per night.
“A 13-percent performance enhancement is the sort of gain that one associates with drugs or years of training—not simply making sure to get tons of sleep. Mah’s research strongly suggests that most athletes would perform much better with more sleep.”
Sleep Coaching in the Big Leagues
A 2015 article in The Guardian21 discusses the impact sleep coach Nick Littlehales, a former golf pro and marketer of bedding, has had on the Manchester United Football Club:“Littehales scored early points with the manager for his success working with United defender Gary Pallister, whose debilitating back injuries eased once Littlehales discovered the player was sleeping on a mattress that hampered his injury treatment …
“Sixteen years later he is a leading figure in the field, having assessed and reconfigured the bedrooms of a legion of international sporting stars as well as working with Chelsea, Real Madrid, England’s national side and a host of Olympians …
“Littlehales makes sure sportspeople get the right hotel rooms on the right floor, the right air conditioning and temperature control, plus appropriate lighting and beds … Other important factors are the potential for total blackout from the sun and temperature control …
“But the bedding is crucial. ‘If they don’t tick the boxes I’m bringing my own or we’ll try another hotel,’ he says … He says everyone has different physical and mental recovery times but that for elite athletes, five 90-minute sleep cycles a day is optimal … Training schedules are now often tailored around that need and many club training facilities now equipped with sleeping pods …”Whether you’re a professional athlete or not, sleep is an important yet all too often overlooked factor in health and well-being. If you’re still skimping, thinking you’ve managed to get by OK so far, I urge you to reconsider and give sleep the attention it deserves. You can do everything else right, but if you’re not sleeping enough, or not sleeping well, many of the benefits of your healthy lifestyle will be lost.
◇ References
- 1 Sleep Association, Sleep Disorder Stats
- 2 Evening Standard September 3, 2018
- 3 Medical News Today August 30, 2018
- 4 American Journal of Therapeutics 2010 Mar-Apr;17(2):133-9
- 5 Bioelectromagnetics 1998;19(2):123-7
- 6 Scientific Reports volume 12, Article number: 3506 (2022) March 3, 2022
- 7 Cell Metabolism September 24, 2015 doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.09.005
- 8 European Society of Cardiology August 26, 2018
- 9 Medical Xpress August 26, 2018
- 10 NHTSA Research on Drowsy Driving
- 11 American College in Cardiology March 24, 2016
- 12 New York Times November 18, 2013
- 13 Scientific American October 2015; 313(4)
- 14 Menopause. 24(6): 604–612. June 2017
- 15 J Pain. 14(12): 1539–1552. December 2013
- 16 Medical News Today September 30, 2015
- 17 NPR September 14, 2015
- 18 Neurobiology of Aging 18 February 2014; 35(8): 1813-1820
- 19 Science Daily June 15, 2010
- 20 The Atlantic November 4, 2014
- 21 The Guardian July 22, 2015